#this one is solely based on my part of the analysis (the way his errors decreased over time)

[alien-girl-21]

KÄÄRIJÄ RESEARCH ARTICLE IS DONE 🥳🥳🥳🥳

if you want to hear me yap about jere's use of the and a/an but now in a 14-page document, i'll be more than happy to post it here :D

[o-king-of-suns]

Hi ^^ I've recently found ur blog and read ur meta. Ur analysis is great! I'm kinda new here but I've seen so many ppl talk about Levi's guidebook page, referring to it as "the confirmation of what Levi was solely fighting for in the final battle i.e revenge by fulfilling the promise" I'm sorry if this has been pointed out before but as a Levi fan who believes otherwise, I'd love to read ur interpretation. Also u also believe the GB is implying this? I think ppl are having the wrong impression.

Hi! :) Thank you so much! I am glad you liked my meta! English is not my first language, so I try my best to express what I want to say.

Almost everyone agrees that the final guidebook is just an ABSOLUTE hot garbage! xD At this point that no one is taking seriously anymore! xD It straight up contradicts what happens in the manga, has VERY reductive and nonsensical descriptions of the characters and is FULL of errors.

The main reason to why many people have issues with Levi’s part (apart from it having nothing new or because it mainly focused on the promise) is one word that was used in the text that has been translated by some biased people into “obsessed”.

I asked 3 Japanese people (including my teacher) about the word that was used in the text and the meanings that I was given were: (be) dedicated to; have an uncompromising commitment to ; to really focus on; to be determined to; etc. From what I understood, this term is always a headache as it truly depends on what the writer wants to convey and what it “feels” right in the context. "Obsessed” is like, the most reductive reading of that word, and it's the exact word that Er_ris chose to use xD

Japanese is often qualified as vague, and it CAN leave room for interpretation. For example, the word (きれい) Isayama used to say Levi was the opposite of Rorschach could mean "pretty" or "clean" based on the context, but here's the thing: Rorschach is notoriously ugly, so it makes sense that Isayama meant that Levi is "pretty" (and it IS officially translated to "pretty" ), but I have seen MANY Japanese people say that Isayama meant "clean" not “pretty”! This word meaning in the text literally and solely depended on Isayama's intention even causing translators to get confused and translate it to “pretty”! If we look at the context of Levi’s character description in the last gb, the last line mentions that after his final mission, Levi “meets his friends with a calm heart”. Why would Levi be able to meet his friends with a “calm heart” if his entire arc was about him being “obsessed” with a personal goal and revenge?! Is this why he salutes them and they salute him back in the final chapter?! I am 100% sure that the word “obsessed” was not the one that the person who wrote the description wanted to use.

Now let’s stop talking about language translation and focus on Levi in the manga xD Is the gb version Levi the same Levi whom Isayama described as "as an existence more superior to myself" during Levi’s statue reveal just last March?!

You know, when I asked my native Japanese teacher to help me translate Isayama's statement about Levi, she sent me a 4 minute voice note breaking down the terms Isayma used and explaining how much respect the person speaking (Isayama) has for the person he's talking about (Levi). I was embarrassed to tell her that the person he’s speaking about is actually a fictional character lol

Isyama used 頭 の上がらない which literally means “can’t raise someone’s head” but it actually means “can’t raise someone’s head in front someone else for how much respect they have for this person”

Now let’s look at Levi’s actions in the manga to see if we can reach to the same conclusion.

Levi is one of, if not the most, perceptive characters in SNK. In one the official short stories, he was described as a person who is able to “know the true nature of Man”. For Levi, Zeke is a man who cheered with satisfaction as he threw rocks through fifteen year olds. He’s the person who nonchalantly explained to Levi the process of gassing an entire village of unsuspecting civilians and flinging them into an eternal nightmare in order to weaponize their bodies. Zeke’s manipulations are the origin of almost all of Paradis’ problems, whether it’s encouraging Marley to ramp up aggressions or pulling shady shit with Kiyomi, Yelena and the Jaegerists that destabilizes their already vulnerable island. And what’s worse - because we’re reading a story where torn-up characters are often excused by circumstances of coercion or perceived necessity - he doesn’t care. He feels no remorse. He wants to do this. Levi doesn’t know Zeke’s ultimate reasoning of course, but he recognized through the smoke of the campfire a man who doesn’t give a fuck about the wishes and agency of others. Who will force his own will on a race of humans and call it mercy. AND YET, Levi stays with him for  A WHOLE MONTH in the forest bringing him books, drinks and a pillow to sit on. He keeps asking him about what happened in Connie’s village trying over and over to understand him. And then the guy transforms Levi’s own teammates in front of him, forces him to kill them and taunts him with their suffering. Levi perceives a person who’s arrogant enough to consider his cruelty compassion as he decides whether the lives of their children are worth living.YET, Levi decided to keep him alive because he believed that it is what’s the best for Paradis; a decision that eventually caused Levi’s severe injuries and the activation of the Rumbling!

During the final battle, Levi offered to act as a bait for Mikasa so she can try to bring back Armin and risks his life TWICE to save Jean and Connie risking his chances to ever fulfill his promise to Erwin.

Please tell me now that these are actions of an “obsessed” man who is only focused on killing Zeke and revenge.

The first time Levi mentions the vow after the time skip, he says: “Erwin, I think I will be finally able to fulfill the vow I made to you that day. Your deathS had meaning. At last I will be able to prove it”  Levi clearly associates giving meaning to his comrades’ deaths WITH fulfilling his vow to Erwin. This is the line that proves that the vow has always meant something more.

Levi made a promise that came to represent the fulfillment of the goal all his former Survey Corps comrades laid down their lives for. Slaying the Beast Titan took on symbolic stature, a tangible way of giving their sacrifices meaning - especially in a world where the circumstances had drastically shifted and enemies, allies, and other were suddenly seen from a completely different perspective.

In Ch. 136, Levi remembers his friends and reflects upon their sacrifices and what they meant. They did not sacrifice their lives to “trample the lives and hearts of others”.

We never got a SINGLE panel in which he says that he fulfilled his promise! In the last apparition of his fallen comrades, Erwin isn’t even in the center. He salutes his fallen comrades for devoting their hearts for humanity and they salute him back for honoring their sacrifices.

If there is one thing that Levi was “obsessed” about, it is him trying to give meaning to the deaths and sacrifices of the people who truly devoted their hearts to humanity and whom he truly loved

[mediaevalmusereads]

Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies. By Jared Diamond. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2005.

Rating: 4/5 stars

Genre: non-fiction, science, history

Part of a Series? No.

Summary: In this "artful, informative, and delightful" (William H. McNeill, New York Review of Books) book, Jared Diamond convincingly argues that geographical and environmental factors shaped the modern world. Societies that had a head start in food production advanced beyond the hunter-gatherer stage, and then developed writing, technology, government, and organized religion—as well as nasty germs and potent weapons of war—and adventured on sea and land to conquer and decimate preliterate cultures. A major advance in our understanding of human societies, Guns, Germs, and Steel chronicles the way that the modern world came to be and stunningly dismantles racially based theories of human history.

***Full review under the cut.***

Content Warnings: discussions of racism (including genocide, violence, etc.)

Because this book is non-fiction, the structure of this review is going to be different from how I usually do things.

This book has been on my TBR for a while, and I decided to pick it up because I’ve been on a prehistory kick lately. This book is also one of my partner’s favorites, so I figured it would be a good time to read it.

The first thing I really appreciated about this book was the same thing that drew me to David Reich’s Who We Are and How We Got Here. Guns, Germs, and Steel is meant to be something of a hybrid: it’s not a pop-science book, but it’s not aimed solely at specialists, either. Diamond avoids jargon and carefully lays out supporting evidence to prove his points, so the book is easy to follow. I also felt like Diamond was respecting my intelligence by trusting me to understand complex ideas without expecting mastery of the ins and outs of, say, plant domestication. Thus, I think GGS is a good book for those who want to learn more about the development of farming, the spread of ideas such as writing and government, and the effects of disease on colonial subjects - especially if you’re the type of person who wants a little more than pop science.

Diamond also does a good job speaking about the value of his analysis, making clear that he is not out to prove “white superiority” when answering the question “why was Europe the continent that colonized much of the world instead of Asia or Africa?” I do wish Diamond had spent more time refusing racist arguments, however; though I don’t think Diamond is guided by racism, nor do I think he’s trying to argue that white people today have no responsibility when it comes to the impacts of colonization, but there are moments where it seems like he’s absolving white settlers from their actions because “it’s just luck” or geography that allowed certain societies to gain advantages over others. Again, I don’t think Diamond is trying to make excuses, but I would have liked to see a bit more work done to make that point more clear.

Also, because this book was published in the 90s (I read a later edition), there are a few factual errors that result from science, history, and anthropology making new discoveries in the past two decades. I don’t think the errors make Diamond’s main argument worthless, however. He still says that the combination of farming, geography, technology, etc. allowed some societies to “advance” more rapidly than others, and I think that argument is well-supported. It’s just that some of his examples and details could be updated to reflect current knowledge.

The main value of this book, I think, is not to explain *the* reason why Europe was able to colonize much of the world, but to show how farming, animal domestication, etc. gives some societies advantages than can be wielded against others. If I were to critique the central purpose of this book, I would say that I would want a discussion of the rise of white supremacy or what kind of ideologies caused Europe to consider itself entitled to other lands, etc. Suggesting that people just naturally wield their advantages against other societies feels a bit too simple to me, and I think I would have liked to see Diamond consider the non-material conditions that enabled colonization to happen (if his purpose was truly to answer the question he set out to address).

But as it stands, this book made me think a lot about the importance of farming, technology, geography, etc. and how societal “advancements” don’t just spring up out of nowhere. To some degree, people are shaped by the material conditions of their environments, and while the environment can’t explain everything, it can shed light on some things. If Diamond had a companion book about the ideologies or power structures that enabled colonialism to happen, I think the duology would make for a convincing body of scholarship.

[nendochntl]

Random Rants pt. 1

Welcome to Random Rants!

[I had a typographical error earlier and wrote ramdon haha I’m not hungry, it’s just easy to mistype random especially if I’m typing really fast.] 

Since this is the inaugural post for this type of content, I want to share with you what it’s going to be about. It’s everything that will not be related to Nendoroids. This is my way of sharing my fandom and other interests I have outside of toy collecting. If you read my blog description, you’ll see that there is a section that said + some rants on this blog. This is it.

Based on the tags, you already know what this is going to be about. I am obsessed and I mean OBSESSED with Omniscient Reader’s Viewpoint. For those of you who do not know what that is, it’s a web novel (it has a webtoon now, actually). The concept is a fantasy novel becomes real life and only one person was able to read it until the end (well, not really the end but before the epilogue). So basically, this person who has read it knows what will happen in the future. The settings is like Hunger Games mixed with mythology. I’ll add a plot below so you can check it out if you get interested!

A novel called Three Ways to Survive in a Ruined World (written by the anonymous author tls123) has been written and published over the course of a decade, and Kim Dokja is the sole reader who has followed it to its ending.

You can read it as a web novel or as a webtoon.

I started reading this over the weekend and I’m now halfway through. Usually, it takes me about a day or two to finish a book but it’s taking me a while on this one since it has more than 500 chapters. There are some cliché parts but that couldn’t really be removed besides, the writing style is rally great so I don’t mind. 

Personally, I didn’t get hooked on the plot. I never read the plot HAHA I just started reading this because of a fanart. I saw a picture of Yoo Jonghyuk (the protagonist of Three Ways to Survive in a Ruined World) with his sister, that’s it. The caption played a huge part on making me read it but I forgot what it was already. All I can remember is the word sauce. 

But yeah, that’s about it. I’ll probably upload a few things about this in the near future (like once I finish the whole thing) and do a little character analysis.

BYEEEE! <3

- nendo.chntl :) 

[malariaessay439]

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About me

How Long Does It Take To Write 1,500 Words?

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[helloecoleglobale]

Solving Real World Problems Through Project-Based Learning in the School

Solving Real World Problems Through Project-Based Learning in the School

Many Guardians and educators don't understand the powerful impact of project-based learning (PBL) will have on the education of middle and high school students. A part of the explanation for this is often merely that they'll not have been exposed to the concept; they can't endorse something if they don't understand it exists or however it's different from the education which child receives on each day. Many schools in India are adopting this method to increase the capability of students to learn new things.

As the Ecole Globale International Girls Boarding School explains, with PBL students "investigate and respond to an authentic, engaging, and complicated problem, or challenge" with deep and sustained attention.

Project-based learning is an untraditional education model that seeks to better prepare students for determination in real-world issues and problems whereas teaching them what they have to understand to achieve in school right now. Project-based learning structures syllabus around different interesting projects, presenting students with multi-step issues to resolve or asking them complicated queries they're then needed to answer. Such projects typically force students to use multiple learning techniques to succeed, together with analysis, logical deduction, and repetitive learning (trial and error). Since these projects are typically large and complicated for one student to try and do alone, project-based learning conjointly tends to encourage cooperation and teamwork.

 "But my child's school already assigns his projects," you raise. "How is that this different?" Well, project-based learning is different in an exceedingly few ways. Initial, project-based learning is structured entirely around projects, whereas a lot of typical approaches merely uses comes to strengthen the topics lined in the lecture. Second, project-based learning focuses on simulating real-world things, whereas several typical projects are still strictly educational. Whereas traditional learning would have physics students learn the formula for motion in lecture and apply it in word problems or on a model, project-primarily based learning would supply students with a roller bearing, a launch mechanism, and a target in an exceedingly specific location and tell the scholars to work out a way to hit the target systematically regardless of wherever their launch mechanism is found within the area. The students would get to analysis the formula for motion and its applications, live the physical properties of the roller bearing, so devise a system to see the right setting for the launch mechanism supported its distance from the target.

 Connecting educational situations to the real world is one of the most important advantages of project-based learning. Students learn with a similar approach they'll eventually use in their hobbies, passions, and careers. This ingrains essential problem-solving techniques at intervals them ahead of time, drastically increasing their probabilities of success in no matter the career they select once their education has completed. A part of this is often that project-based learning needs the utilization of multiple problem-solving ways, that helps students not solely cultivate a balanced approach however conjointly learn to modify approaches when their initial try fails to work.

 Another good thing about project-based learning is its effect on students' social skills. As a result of projects are typically giant and complicated, students are grouped to work, which fosters communication skills and encourages even students with various and presumably conflicting personalities to search out a standard ground, or at the very least the simplest way to figure along without constant tension. A part of this teamwork-building helps introduce students to the specialization and delegation that are extraordinarily outstanding within the globe. Some students can naturally be more proficient at some problem-solving ways than others, therefore students can decipher a way to assign resources (themselves) optimally by having part of the group work on one subset of tasks whereas another part works on another subset.

 Overall, project-based learning encourages students to develop a balanced, various approach to determination real-world issues, each on their own and in an exceeding team. Project-based learning prepares students for fulfillment within the globe as no alternative teaching style will.

This article is contributed by Ecole Globale International School.

[shivamgumber50]

Website performance And SEO Report

Website Performance And SEO Report

In this article, I talk about Website Performance And SEO report.

In this ever-changing modern world, the internet has become an integral part of our lives. Before any purchase, we first search on the internet about that product or service. The majority of customers read online reviews and most of them rely on these to buy. Therefore having a website is mandatory for all businesses to sustain in the market.

But having a website is not enough. Businesses need a website that is informative, accessible and user-friendly. To maintain all these qualities, the website should be well tested. This process of testing a website is known as web testing. Whenever we launch a website on a server we made so many mistakes in them. But we can find out errors from Website Testing Tools. And fix them to make our website perfect.

Website Performance And SEO Report

Website Testing is a complete testing of website applications before making live. By performing website testing. An organization can make sure that the web-based system is functioning properly. And can be accepted by real-time users.

Web Testing Checklists

1) Functionality Testing 2) Usability testing 3) Interface testing 4) Compatibility testing 5) Performance testing 6) Security testing

1. Functionality Testing

Test for – all the links in web pages, database connection, forms in use for submitting or getting information from the user in the web pages, Cookie testing, etc. It includes testing the outgoing links from all the pages. Test all internal links and links jumping on the same pages. Link checking includes, check for broken links.

2. Usability Testing

Usability testing is the process by which the human-computer interaction characteristics of a system are measured. And weaknesses are identified for correction. It includes:

Ease of learning

Navigation

Subjective user satisfaction

General appearance

3. Interface Testing

In web testing, the server-side interface should be tested. This is done by verifying that communication is done properly. Compatibility of the server with software, hardware, network, and the database should be tested.

The main interfaces are:

Web server and application server interface

Application server and Database server interface.

4. Compatibility Testing

The compatibility of your website is a very important testing aspect. See which compatibility test to execute:

Browser compatibility

Operating system compatibility

Mobile browsing

Printing options

5. Performance Testing

The web application should sustain to heavy load. Performance testing should include:

Web Load Testing

Stress Testing

Test application performance on different internet connection speeds.

6. Security Testing

Following are some of the test cases for web security testing:

Test by pasting the internal URL directly into the browser address bar without login. Internal pages should not open.

Try some invalid inputs in input fields like login username, password, input text boxes, etc. Check the system’s reaction to all invalid inputs.

Web directories or files should not be accessible directly. Unless they are given download option.

Test the CAPTCHA for automating script logins.

Test if SSL is used for security measures. If it is used, the proper message should get displayed. When users switch from non-secure HTTP:// pages to secure HTTPS:// pages and vice versa.

All transactions, error messages, security breach attempts should get logged in log files somewhere on the webserver.

SEO Audit Report

SEO Audit is a health checkup of your website search engines in terms of organic search results. It dives into the technical infrastructure, on-page, and off-page elements in order to determine issues, opportunities, and recommended fixes.

An SEO audit is a standard procedure for any website. In fact, if you are serious about your internet business, you will make sure you do it frequently. Unlike a traditional audit, this one is performed solely for marketing purposes. A properly done SEO audit should give you a better insight into your website, individual pages, and overall traffic. It is a great way to improve performance allowing you to rank better in the SERPs.

An SEO audit helps us determine how our website is performing. But, if you are a small website, you do not have to overdo it. Concentrating on stats can be a waste of time. Especially if there are other things that you have to take care of. But, if you are a medium-sized website and you noticed a drop in traffic, perhaps it’s better to perform a timely audit. And discover the root of the problem. Performing an audit for the audit’s sake is a waste of time.

Website Performance And SEO Report

An SEO auditor needs to perform:

Technical analysis

On-Page analysis

Off-Page analysis

Competitive analysis and keyword research

1) Technical analysis

The first thing that you have to determine is whether your website is working properly. This can be done with a technical analysis.

It is highly recommended that you always start with this step. If you have a bad basis, you won’t be able to build your website from the ground up. You wouldn’t build a home on bad terrain, would you?

Technical analysis helps us with various things that we can group into:

Accessibility

Indexability

2. On-page analysis

After the initial technical part, your website should look dandy.

You’ve made sure that everything is in order, that both people and robots can access your website. And that everything is in working condition.

Now, we need to consider the pages themselves.

There are two ways to view on-page analysis:

General content issues

Individual page issues

3) Off-page analysis

Ultimately, it all comes down to the strength of your domain.

Basically, everything that has been done in the first two steps is performed. So that your website would be better and more visible to Google. And this is where we come to an off-page analysis.

In a way, off-page ranking factors are the result of your work. They show how popular your website is. Whether people are linking to it. And from which websites, is it trustworthy, etc.

Here, we can start by mentioning the trust factor.

What does trust means in terms of SEO?

It means that a website is trusted by the Google search engine. In other words, if you are steering clear from all the negative SEO practices (so-called, black hat SEO) you will gain more trust.

This is the first step that you have to take before anything else. Google is constantly improving. And with it, there is less of a chance to manipulate the system.

4) Competitive analysis and keyword research

After analyzing and dealing with internal issues, we prepare for keyword analysis. In the SEO world, keyword research and competitive analysis are almost synonymous.

Why do I say that?

Because the keyword is the smallest measurement unit in SEO. By analyzing those keywords, you are at the same time analyzing your competition.

An auditor needs to consider numerous options before recommending several keywords to his client. These keywords will be the backbone of your website. And based on them. You can expect slower or faster growth.

The analysis is performed by using various SEO tools.

Google keyword planner is a great starting point. When it comes to paid tools, Ahrefs is a great alternative.

SEO auditing is a crucial process for your website.

People who wish to make a blogging career usually believe that popularity. And good writing skills are enough for success. This is not true as it involves several other factors.

With an SEO audit, you can discover what is wrong and what you need to improve. With it, you can make your website better. And more visible to Google leading to more traffic and conversion.

So what do you think of this article Website Performance And SEO Report? If you have any queries regarding these tools let me know about your feedback on this post in the comment section. And don’t forget to share it with your network.

My Digital Tomorrow - Blog

www.mydigitaltomorrow.com

[scripttorture]

I perused your solitary tag but didn't get the answers I needed so sorry in advance if this is something you've answered or way too long and specific! Thanks so much for doing this! So I have an MC who was kept in solitary for about 10-11 months when she was seventeen after her father was executed for treason and she tried to complete his goal. She failed but has a plan for how to kill the person who executed him. She is kept on a regular schedule, given any art materials and books she wants 1/?

2/2 and allowed to see her mother for an hour for one hour everyday. She knows her isolation will end in a year, knows shell probably be executed, and she has a cause like you mentioned being important. Immediately following her lock up she was thrust into a variety of stressful but social situations but about two and a half years later it's slowing down. She lives with her gf, but is far away from her mother and not close with many of her friends. What long type of term effects would she have?

Iknow this is no one’s favourite answer but- it really is hugelyindividual and impossible to accurately predict.

Fromthe details you’ve given me I get the impression you’ve thoughtabout this scenario and this character a lot. That’s will help youdecide on the symptoms you want her to have. But those symptoms areyour decision.

Ican tell you what the common symptoms are. What I can’t do ispredict symptoms, no one can. I also can’t tell you definitelywhich symptoms will be the ‘best’ pick for your story. You knowthe story and the character far better then I do. That means you’rebest places to judge what adds to the story and what doesn’t.

Ithink it would be best to start by picking the character’s symptomsand go from there.

Mostpapers put either depression or anxiety (or both) as the most commonmental illnesses solitary confinement causes. From what I can tellpolitical prisoners also report these conditions very frequently.However I get the impression (anecdotal rather than based onstatistical analysis) that political prisoners are less likely toself harm or attempt suicide then the average solitary prisoner.

Difficultyinteracting with people is probablymore common in younger solitary survivors. The brain is still growingand we arestill learning social interaction throughout our teenage years. Sonot being able to interact with others during that time is reallydamaging to someone’s social development.

I’msaying ‘probably’ because I don’t have good statisticalanalysis focused solely on teenagers in solitary.

But-well based on what I do know about normal social development andbrain growth, I think it’s highly likely she’d struggle withsocial interaction. That doesn’t necessarily mean that she’d beanxious around people, although that would be a common way for thisto show up. It’s often a…. feeling of isolation, disconnectionfrom others and being unable to engage in ways that are seen associally acceptable.

Itcould mean social interaction is draining or often unrewarding. Itcould mean ‘always’ doing or saying the ‘wrong’ thing ineveryday situations. It could mean a feeling of constant pressurearound others and misinterpreting their social responses.

Ithink irrational impulses and mood swings can be really narrativelyuseful symptoms. They fit well in a lot of different kinds of plotsand they can easily be used to make life more difficult forcharacters in interesting ways.

Psychosisand hallucinations are rarer symptoms generally. They also mightbe less likely if cell conditions are better (theevidence is unclear on this point).Which sounds like it’s the case for your character.

Thisalso seems to apply to some of the physical symptoms, particularlyeye problems. Insomnia and lethargy seem to show up however ‘good’cell conditions are. And I’d suggest considering the other physicalsymptoms for the period the character is confined.

Thetime frames you have don’t seem unreasonable to me. Neither do thegeneral conditions.

Themain thing that’s standing out is the set up after she’sreleased. Being suddenly thrown into intense social situations wouldbe incredibly stressful. For some people just out of solitary itmight be impossible to deal with and trigger an obvious breakdown.

Nowthat doesn’t seem like a fit for your story and there are otherpossibilities.

Theone that’s coming to mind is- Sometimes people with mentalillnesses can… for want of a better term ‘push through it’ fora short time. This is incredibly unhealthy. It’s a little likeignoring a fracture in the foot to keep walking. It can be done butit makes the problem worse.

I’m-not entirely sure how to describe this which is somewhat hampering myability to explain it. I’m thinking of things like- the number ofpeople I knew with severe depression and suicidal ideation whocompleted competitive, high-pressure degrees, without medication orprofessional help.

Itis possible, sometimes, for people to just… keep going, ignoretheir mental health problems and try to ‘act normal’. If they’revery good at what they’redoing then there may not even be a noticeable drop in performance,whether it’s academic or social. People do this, it happens. It’snot unrealistic.

But-this is incredibly badfor someone. Having a character with severe mental health problemstry to bottle them away or hide them or power through them- it isn’ta bad thing to write. Just be aware that if that’s the route youwant to take it will be damaging for the character. She’ll bepushing herself too far too fast and sooner or later she willcollapse.

Fora lot of the people I knew that happened at the end of their degree.If your character knows roughly how long she’ll have to keep upthis mad social schedule then- it is possiblethat she could keep going right until the end.

Ifyour character is doing something like that over several years then Ithink she’d need some kind of outlet and the ability to retreatfrom social situations at least some times.

Thisdoesn’t have to be dramatic or seem strange in the setting. It canbe things like- establishing a daily routine that involves getting upearly and walking alone in the woods for an hour before having to doanything or taking time to herself at night after her obligations areover. Little things like this and small outlets for unpleasantemotions can keep someone with a mental health problem alive in astressful situation.

Oncethese social obligations are over- Honestly I think it sounds likelythat someone in this situation would have an obvious breakdown. Thatsort of bottling, avoiding behaviour often ends up… bringing thingsto a point when all the problems seem to explode at once.

Essentiallysurvivors need to make adjustments in order to live their lives.They’re generally not able to just pick everything up again asnormal. Their limits, physical, mental and emotional are oftendifferent. (It’s also pretty normal for survivors and people withmental health problems generally to blame themselves to a degree fortheir limits changing. To feel bad about no longer being able to do aparticular things, as if it’s somehow their fault.)

Yourcharacter could put off those adjustments and live in denial for awhile. A lot of people with mental health problems do. But shecouldn’t put off those adjustments forever.

Thissort of scenario would probably end up putting a lot of pressure onher girlfriend to act as a carer. Whether her girlfriend is willingto or not that’s a lot of work. It’s difficult to do alone. @scripttraumasurvivors has posts on characters helping traumasurvivors in a non-professional context, take a look through theirtag because I think you’d find them helpful.

Ifyou don’t want thecharacter to be bottling everything up and powering through likethis- Then you’d have a healthier, better adjusted character at theend of the two and a half years. You’d also need a world that’smore supportive of mental health problems.

Soa- non exhaustive list of things that I think this society would needto normalise would be things like- letting her drop out of socialengagements suddenly with no warning and no negative repercussions.Greater understanding of different peoples differing needs forpersonal space. Physical adjustments to spaces to make them moreaccessible. Social acceptance of expressing negative emotions andemotional pain. Open, honest discussion of mental health.

Alot of this would be possible in a culture that’s in roughly thesame place the West is now about mental health- if the character’smother was managing this sort of thing for her. Making sure she’sdoing OK, encouraging her to stop if she isn’t. Insisting on anyadjustments or consideration she needs. Standing up for her.

Thatkind of role for her mother would require a very close relationshipbetween the characters. The daughter would need to feel that shecould tell her mother anything and share details about her mentalhealth.

Thecommon symptoms are here. But what those look like in the longterm for your character are really dependant on the story, thecharacter, her relationships with the people close to her and theworld.

Givenher age and the time she’s confined this character would probablyhave mental health problems for the rest of her life. That doesn’tmean she’d never learn to manage her symptoms. Part of that isusually a process of trial and error, trying to find out what helps.Sometimes the only answer is waiting until the mood passes.

Takea look at the Masterpost and have a look at the sources I link tothere. I think reading what people who’ve come out of solitary sayabout the experience will help you feel more confident about handlingthis. Shalev’s Sourcebook on Solitary Confinement and SolitaryWatch will be particularly useful to you, I think.

Thereisn’t a formula. There isn’t a standard set of symptoms or waypeople heal. Which means that we should be working it out anew foreach character, making the process feel unique to each individual.

Ihope that helps. :)

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Muddle Through Towards Better Web Design

Since the arrival of Pope Benedict XIV at the Twitter scene, I've been wondering how many people who don't know how to use the Internet are still out there in the Western world. But an even more intriguing question is this: how come so many people are proficient at using it? Have they been taught web browsing at school? Did they have to read "Internet For Beginners"? Have they taken any special courses?

The answer of course is that they learnt things on the fly. Our cognitive abilities allow us to instinctively absorb new information, recognize new patterns and adapt to new environments and routines. We don't need special instructions or conscious decision-making regarding the best approach to knowledge accumulation. We want to do something and we try to do it. We "muddle through".

How Do We Really Use Websites?

So how many of you read the user guide booklet that came with your new iPhone? What about the "Convention Used in This Book" page in your latest educational book? Mu guess is: not many. The same is true for the way we use websites. Everyone's busy, everyone's just trying to figure out how to get to a particular place and doing anything else seems like a waste of time. Now the funny thing is that everyone's got their own way of doing things. Even when it comes to a standard process such as navigating a website, some people will follow the links in the main navigation, while others will use the search button or start scanning paragraphs for clues.

One important implication of this tendency to muddle through is that people will often use websites in unexpected ways. Designers sometime envisage a perfect way of completing a particular process, e.g. you click on this link, you fill the form, you browse the available options and choose one as indicated in the instructions displayed to you left, you click the big "submit" button, etc. But in practice there are many ways to browse a website, use a web application, or even fill a contact form ("should I put my phone in the specially designated field or attach it in the body of the message like I always do?"). As a result, when offered a detailed record of how websites are actually used, some designers might think "who on Earth would let those monkeys anywhere near a computer?" Such attitude ignores of course that web users are not trying to figure out what the brilliant designer had in mind when creating the interface. They just want to get what they came for. If they have muddled through something and it worked, why shouldn't they try the same approach next time?

A well quoted example of such interface misconception is Steve Krug's anecdote about some users typing full URLs (including www.) into the Yahoo search box every time they want to go to a particular website. Krug explains:

If you ask them about it, it becomes clear that some of them think that Yahoo is the Internet, and that this is the way you use it. Muddling through, being a rather crude approach to cognition, is clearly prone to errors. But many errors, like the one above, don't have a great impact on the end result. If a website is used on a regular basis, an incomplete understating might slow things down a notch or make the user miss out on alternative options. But if you compare this to a structured approach to web browsing that involves careful review of published instructions and analysis of all potential routes and uses of the interface, then muddling through certainly sounds attractive. As Jeffrey Veen puts it:

[..] we're much more like motorists behind the wheel of a car in an unfamiliar city. We have a clear destination in mind, and are making split-second decisions while negotiating a confusing new place. And we are doing a task that demands our attention at the same time. No wonder we don't read. We're just trying to get done with this nonsense as quickly as possible. I believe this to be a well accepted proposition in the realm of user experience. However, besides this need for time-optimization there is also an alternative perspective for understanding the muddling through process where the explanation is found in the depths of the human psyche. In such view, we don't simply choose to muddle through. Muddling through is what makes us who we are.

Psychology of Muddling Through - the Doing Mode

In the field of Psychology, the process of muddling through is recognized as part of the "Doing mode". Doing mode is the function of the mind that allows rational critical thinking. Doing mode is what allows us to build bridges, send men to space, or write our thesis. It also governs the process of learning from repetition, a crucial ingredient to the success of the muddling through approach.

According to Prof. Mark Williams from Oxford University, Doing mode usually begins with recognition of a gap between our perceived current state and some alternative state that we would prefer to be in. In the context of the Web, this could be as simple as "I sit here bored to death; I would rather be watching a video of a skateboarder hurting himself". This perceived gap triggers an automatic pattern of mind activity, which sole aim to bring us closer the desired state.

Doing mode is responsible for analysing, planning, comparing, judging, discriminating, etc. What might be less obvious to some readers (especially those who never practiced meditation) is that these processes are usually instantaneous and unconscious. In the West, thinking is often considered a domain of consciousness. This is not true, however. Many people would be ready to claim thoughts as their own. But when asked where their thoughts came from, most would be left bemused. Thoughts arise spontaneously. In a state of concentration the trend of thought can generally be directed towards a specific subject but the arising of thoughts seems as if mental phenomena had a life of their own.

What I'm getting at is that Doing mode, and hence muddling through, is like an automatic pilot. We don't choose to do it, we just do it. In some sense Doing mode can be thought of as an elaborate survival mechanism. The existence of a desired state usually leaves us little room for considering why such state is desired or what the optimal way of achieving it is. Doing mode forces us to strive towards the goal, regardless of whether it was chosen in a sober, conscious state of mind or not. In fact, the goal does not even have to be "real". It can be based on an ephemeral emotion that develops into a mood (interestingly this is how stress arises - the mind considers a negative feeling to be a problem, a gap that must be overcome, triggering an array of memories, thoughts, and impulses that have a similar emotional hue in order to find a "solution"). This helps explain why when feeling a little down or lonely we can end up spending hours surfing for pictures of cats playing piano without even noticing.

Intuitive Web Design

Doing mode is not something designers need to fight against (although see "Conclusion" below for a brief mention of an alternative mode). Instead, designers need to try capture this somewhat primitive mind activity by allowing it to freely channel towards a positive outcome (finding information, buying products online, leaving a feedback, etc.).

If we compare web design to building a house, it is often too tempting for an architect to assume the house being used by a perfect gentlemen, who will always politely knock on the door, wipe his shoes on the "Welcome" mat, take of his hat and put it on the designated coat rack, and head to the dining room, never stepping outside the corridor carpet. The real user of the house, however, turns out to be a caveman who breaks the kitchen window with his club to get in, and rummages through the garbage bin in search for food.

The role of the architect is not to discriminate between the gentleman and the caveman and label one as "right" and the other as "wrong" or "crazy". The architect should instead recognize the nature of the house's users. If putting a gate in the kitchen will benefit the users, then that's what needs to be done. Decorating the dining room is not the priority.

Conclusion

Muddling through is not a niche approach to using the Web. It is the human way of using the Web and is true even for the most web-savvy people (or especially for web-savvy people). The reason why the process often doesn't receive the recognition it deserves is because we are not aware of it. The fact that it's subconscious does not mean it cannot be harnessed. It does, however, require thorough analysis of our emotional and behavioural tendencies in order for it to be helpful in building smarter web interfaces.

As most things in nature, Doing mode has its opposing force. In addition to the Doing mode, human mind can also operate in a state of awareness and directed attention that is devoid of judgment, allowing us to directly experience the present moment. Psychologists have labelled this state "Being mode". Though not ideal for navigation, we might prefer users to be in a Being mode when faced with a new idea that would be discarded in the Doing mode due to biased views. In such a scenario, we might want to shake the user out of his day-dreaming mode and become awake and alert, seeing things with a clearly comprehensive mind and inviting the user to re-examine his own condition.

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Read A Civil Action: A Documentary Companion, 4th (Coursebook) PDF Ebook

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This supplement uses the actual litigation documents from Anderson v. Cryovac, the toxic torts case portrayed in Jonathan Harr's best seller A Civil Action to explore issues in civil procedure. It can be used in conjunction with Harr's book and any civil procedure casebook to teach the first-year civil procedure course. It can also serve as the sole text for an advanced litigation class. The authors have arranged the documents from the case topically to illustrate every phase of the litigation process from notice to appeal. Their extensive notes and comments contain informative analysis of the legal, tactical, and ethical issues.

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Let's be real: 2020 has been a nightmare. Between the political unrest and novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, it's difficult to look back on the year and find something, anything, that was a potential bright spot in an otherwise turbulent trip around the sun. Luckily, there were a few bright spots: namely, some of the excellent works of military history and analysis, fiction and non-fiction, novels and graphic novels that we've absorbed over the last year. 

Here's a brief list of some of the best books we read here at Task & Purpose in the last year. Have a recommendation of your own? Send an email to jared@taskandpurpose.Com and we'll include it in a future story.

Missionaries by Phil Klay

I loved Phil Klay’s first book, Redeployment (which won the National Book Award), so Missionaries was high on my list of must-reads when it came out in October. It took Klay six years to research and write the book, which follows four characters in Colombia who come together in the shadow of our post-9/11 wars. As Klay’s prophetic novel shows, the machinery of technology, drones, and targeted killings that was built on the Middle East battlefield will continue to grow in far-flung lands that rarely garner headlines. [Buy]

 - Paul Szoldra, editor-in-chief

Battle Born: Lapis Lazuli by Max Uriarte

Written by 'Terminal Lance' creator Maximilian Uriarte, this full-length graphic novel follows a Marine infantry squad on a bloody odyssey through the mountain reaches of northern Afghanistan. The full-color comic is basically 'Conan the Barbarian' in MARPAT. [Buy]

 - James Clark, senior reporter

The Liberator by Alex Kershaw

Now a gritty and grim animated World War II miniseries from Netflix, The Liberator follows the 157th Infantry Battalion of the 45th Division from the beaches of Sicily to the mountains of Italy and the Battle of Anzio, then on to France and later still to Bavaria for some of the bloodiest urban battles of the conflict before culminating in the liberation of the Dachau concentration camp. It's a harrowing tale, but one worth reading before enjoying the acclaimed Netflix series. [Buy]

 - Jared Keller, deputy editor

The Only Plane in the Sky: An Oral History of 9/11 by Garrett Graff

If you haven’t gotten this must-read account of the September 11th attacks, you need to put The Only Plane In the Sky at the top of your Christmas list. Graff expertly explains the timeline of that day through the re-telling of those who lived it, including the loved ones of those who were lost, the persistently brave first responders who were on the ground in New York, and the service members working in the Pentagon. My only suggestion is to not read it in public — if you’re anything like me, you’ll be consistently left in tears. [Buy]

- Haley Britzky, Army reporter

The Body in Pain: The Making and Unmaking of the World by Elaine Scarry

Why do we even fight wars? Wouldn’t a massive tennis tournament be a nicer way for nations to settle their differences? This is one of the many questions Harvard professor Elaine Scarry attempts to answer, along with why nuclear war is akin to torture, why the language surrounding war is sterilized in public discourse, and why both war and torture unmake human worlds by destroying access to language. It’s a big lift of a read, but even if you just read chapter two (like I did), you’ll come away thinking about war in new and refreshing ways. [Buy]

 - David Roza, Air Force reporter

Stalingrad: The Fateful Siege: 1942-1943 by Antony Beevor

Stalingrad takes readers all the way from the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union to the collapse of the 6th Army at Stalingrad in February 1943. It gives you the perspective of German and Soviet soldiers during the most apocalyptic battle of the 20th century. [Buy]

- Jeff Schogol, Pentagon correspondent 

America's War for the Greater Middle East by Andrew J. Bacevich

I picked up America's War for the Greater Middle East earlier this year and couldn’t put it down. Published in 2016 by Andrew Bacevich, a historian and retired Army officer who served in Vietnam, the book unravels the long and winding history of how America got so entangled in the Middle East and shows that we’ve been fighting one long war since the 1980s — with errors in judgment from political leaders on both sides of the aisle to blame. “From the end of World War II until 1980, virtually no American soldiers were killed in action while serving in the Greater Middle East. Since 1990, virtually no American soldiers have been killed in action anywhere else. What caused this shift?” the book jacket asks. As Bacevich details in this definitive history, the mission creep of our Vietnam experience has been played out again and again over the past 30 years, with disastrous results. [Buy]

 - Paul Szoldra, editor-in-chief

Burn In: A Novel of the Real Robotic Revolution by P.W. Singer and August Cole

In Burn In, Singer and Cole take readers on a journey at an unknown date in the future, in which an FBI agent searches for a high-tech terrorist in Washington, D.C. Set after what the authors called the "real robotic revolution," Agent Lara Keegan is teamed up with a robot that is less Terminator and far more of a useful, and highly intelligent, law enforcement tool. Perhaps the most interesting part: Just about everything that happens in the story can be traced back to technologies that are being researched today. You can read Task & Purpose's interview with the authors here. [Buy]

 - James Clark, senior reporter

SAS: Rogue Heroes by Ben MacIntyre

Like WWII? Like a band of eccentric daredevils wreaking havoc on fascists? Then you'll love SAS: Rogue Heroes, which re-tells some truly insane heists performed by one of the first modern special forces units. Best of all, Ben MacIntyre grounds his history in a compassionate, balanced tone that displays both the best and worst of the SAS men, who are, like anyone else, only human after all. [Buy]

 - David Roza, Air Force reporter

The Alice Network by Kate Quinn

The Alice Network is a gripping novel which follows two courageous women through different time periods — one living in the aftermath of World War II, determined to find out what has happened to someone she loves, and the other working in a secret network of spies behind enemy lines during World War I. This gripping historical fiction is based on the true story of a network that infiltrated German lines in France during The Great War and weaves a tale so packed full of drama, suspense, and tragedy that you won’t be able to put it down. [Buy]

Katherine Rondina, Anchor Books

“Because I published a new book this year, I've been answering questions about my inspirations. This means I've been thinking about and so thankful for The Girl in the Flammable Skirt by Aimee Bender. I can't credit it with making me want to be a writer — that desire was already there — but it inspired me to write stories where the fantastical complicates the ordinary, and the impossible becomes possible. A girl in a nice dress with no one to appreciate it. An unremarkable boy with a remarkable knack for finding things. The stories in this book taught me that the everydayness of my world could become magical and strange, and in that strangeness I could find a new kind of truth.”

Diane Cook is the author of the novel The New Wilderness, which was long-listed for the 2020 Booker Prize, and the story collection Man V. Nature, which was a finalist for the Guardian First Book Award, the Believer Book Award, the PEN/Hemingway Award, and the Los Angeles Times Award for First Fiction. Read an excerpt from The New Wilderness.

Bill Johnston, University of California Press

“I’ve revisited a lot of old favorites in this grim year of fear and isolation, and have been most thankful of all for The Collected Poems of Frank O’Hara. Witty, reflexive, intimate, queer, disarmingly occasional and monumentally serious all at once, they’ve been a constant balm and inspiration. ‘The only thing to do is simply continue,’ he wrote, in 'Adieu to Norman, Bon Jour to Joan and Jean-Paul'; ‘is that simple/yes, it is simple because it is the only thing to do/can you do it/yes, you can because it is the only thing to do.’”

Helen Macdonald is a nature essayist with a semiregular column in the New York Times Magazine. Her latest novel, Vesper Flights, is a collection of her best-loved essays, and her debut book, H Is for Hawk, won the Samuel Johnson Prize for Nonfiction and the Costa Book Award, and was a finalist for the National Book Critics Circle Award and the Kirkus Prize for Nonfiction.

Andrea Scher, Scholastic Press

“This year, I’m so grateful for You Should See Me in a Crown by Leah Johnson. Reading — like everything else — has been a struggle for me in 2020. It’s been tough to let go of all of my anxieties about the state of the world and our country and get swept away by a story. But You Should See Me in a Crown pulled me in right away; for the blissful time that I was reading it, it made me think about a world outside of 2020 and it made me smile from ear to ear. Joy has been hard to come by this year, and I’m so thankful for this book for the joy it brought me.”

Jasmine Guillory is the New York Times bestselling author of five romance novels, including this year’s Party of Two. Her work has appeared in O, The Oprah Magazine, Cosmopolitan, Real Simple, and Time.

Nelson Fitch, Random House

“Last year, stuck in a prolonged reading rut that left me wondering if I even liked books anymore, I stumbled across Tenth of December by George Saunders, a collection of stories Saunders wrote between 1995 and 2012 that are at turns funny, moving, startling, weird, profound, and often all of those things at the same time. As a writer, what I crave most from books is to find one so excellent it makes me feel like I'd be better off quitting — and so wonderful that it reminds me what it is to be purely a reader again, encountering new worlds and revelations every time I turn a page. Tenth of December is that, and I'm so grateful that it fell off a high shelf and into my life.”

Veronica Roth is the #1 New York Times bestselling author of the Divergent series and the Carve the Mark duology. Her latest novel, Chosen Ones, is her first novel for adults. Read an excerpt from Chosen Ones.

Ian Byers-Gamber, Blazevox Books

“Waking up today to the prospect of some hours spent reading away part of another day of this disastrous, delirious pandemic year, I’m most grateful for the book in my hands, one itself full of gratitude for a life spent reading: Gloria Frym’s How Proust Ruined My Life. Frym’s essays — on Marcel Proust, yes, and Walt Whitman, and Lucia Berlin, but also peppermint-stick candy and Allen Ginsburg’s knees, among other Proustian memory-prompts — restore me to my sense of my eerie luck at a life spent rushing to the next book, the next page, the next word.”

Jonathan Lethem is the author of a number of critically acclaimed novels, including The Fortress of Solitude and the National Book Critics Circle Award winner Motherless Brooklyn. His latest novel, The Arrest, is a postapocalyptic tale about two siblings, the man that came between them, and a nuclear-powered super car.

David Heska Wanbli Weiden, Riverhead

“I’m incredibly grateful for the magnificent The Heartbeat of Wounded Knee by David Treuer. This book — a mélange of history, memoir, and reportage — is the reconceptualization of Native life that’s been urgently needed since the last great indigenous history, Dee Brown’s Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee. It’s at once a counternarrative and a replacement for Brown’s book, and it rejects the standard tale of Native victimization, conquest, and defeat. Even though I teach Native American studies to college students, I found new insights and revelations in almost every chapter. Not only a great read, the book is a tremendous contribution to Native American — and American — intellectual and cultural history.”

David Heska Wanbli Weiden, an enrolled member of the Sicangu Lakota Nation, is author of the novel Winter Counts, which is BuzzFeed Book Club’s November pick. He is also the author of the children’s book Spotted Tail, which won the 2020 Spur Award from the Western Writers of America. Read an excerpt from Winter Counts.

Valerie Mosley, Tordotcom

“In 2020, I've been lucky to finish a single book within 30 days, but I burned through this 507-page brick in the span of a weekend. Harrow the Ninth reminded me that even when absolutely everything is terrible, it's still possible to feel deep, gratifying, brain-buzzing admiration for brilliant art. Thank you, Harrow, for being one of the brightest spots in a dark year and for keeping the home fires burning.”

Casey McQuiston is the New York Times bestselling author of Red, White & Royal Blue, and her next book, One Last Stop, comes out in 2021.

"I'm grateful for V.S. Naipaul's troubling masterpiece, A Bend in the River — which not only made me see the world anew, but made me see what literature could do. It's a book that's lucid enough to reveal the brutality of the forces shaping our world and its politics; yet soulful enough to penetrate the most recondite secrets of human interiority. A book of great beauty without a moment of mercy. A marriage of opposites that continues to shape my own deeper sense of just how much a writer can actually accomplish."

Ayad Akhtar is a novelist and playwright, and his latest novel, Homeland Elegies, is about an American son and his immigrant father searching for belonging in a post-9/11 country. He is the winner of the Pulitzer Prize for Drama and an Award in Literature from the American Academy of Arts and Letters.

Vanessa German, Feminist Press

“I'm most thankful for Daddy Was a Number Runner by Louise Meriwether. It's a YA book set in 1930s Harlem, and it was the first Black-girl-coming-of-age book I ever read, the first time I ever saw myself in a book. I appreciate how it expanded my world and my understanding that books can speak to you right where you are and take you on a journey, at the same time.”

Deesha Philyaw’s debut short story collection, The Secret Lives of Church Ladies, was a finalist for the 2020 National Book Award for Fiction. She is also the co-author of Co-Parenting 101: Helping Your Kids Thrive in Two Households After Divorce, written in collaboration with her ex-husband. Philyaw’s writing on race, parenting, gender, and culture has appeared in the New York Times, the Washington Post, McSweeney’s, the Rumpus, and elsewhere. Read a story from The Secret Lives of Church Ladies.

Philippa Gedge, W. W. Norton & Company

“As both a writer and a reader I am hugely grateful for Patricia Highsmith’s plotting and writing suspense fiction. As a writer I’m thankful for Highsmith’s generosity with her wisdom and experience: She talks us through how to tease out the narrative strands and develop character, how to know when things are going awry, even how to decide to give things up as a bad job. She’s unabashed about sharing her own ‘failures,’ and in my experience, there’s nothing more encouraging for a writer than learning that our literary gods are mortal! As a reader, it provides a fascinating insight into the genesis of one of my favorite novels of all time — The Talented Mr. Ripley, as well as the rest of her brilliant oeuvre. And because it’s Highsmith, it’s so much more than just a how-to guide: It’s hugely engaging and, while accessible, also provides a glimpse into the mind of a genius. I’ve read it twice — while working on each of my thrillers, The Hunting Party and The Guest List — and I know I’ll be returning to the well-thumbed copy on my shelf again soon!”

Lucy Foley is the New York Times bestselling author of the thrillers The Guest List and The Hunting Party. She has also written two historical fiction novels and previously worked in the publishing industry as a fiction editor.

“The books I'm most thankful for this year are a three-book series titled Tales from the Gas Station by Jack Townsend. Walking a fine line between comedy and horror (which is much harder than people think), the books follow Jack, an employee at a gas station in a nameless town where all manner of horrifyingly fantastical things happen. And while the monsters are scary and more than a little ridiculous, it's Jack's bone-dry narration, along with his best friend/emotional support human, Jerry, that elevates the books into something that are as lovely as they are absurd.”

T.J. Klune is a Lambda Literary Award–winning author and an ex-claims examiner for an insurance company. His novels include The House in the Cerulean Sea and The Extraordinaries.

Sylvernus Darku (Team Black Image Studio), Ayebia Clarke Publishing

"Nervous Conditions is a book that I have read several times over the years, including this year. The novel covers the themes of gender and race and has at its heart Tambu, a young girl in 1960s Rhodesia determined to get an education and to create a better life for herself. Dangarembga’s prose is evocative and witty, and the story is thought-provoking. I’ve been inspired anew by Tambu each time I’ve read this book."

Peace Adzo Medie is Senior Lecturer in Gender and International Politics at the University of Bristol. She is the author of Global Norms and Local Action: The Campaigns to End Violence against Women in Africa (Oxford University Press, 2020). His Only Wife is her debut novel.

Jenna Maurice, HarperCollins

“The book I'm most thankful for? Where the Sidewalk Ends by Shel Silverstein. My mother and father would read me poems from it before bed — I'm convinced it infused me not only with a sense of poetic cadence, but also a wry sense of humor.”

Victoria “V.E.” Schwab is the bestselling author of more than a dozen books, including Vicious, the Shades of Magic series, and This Savage Song. Her latest novel, The Invisible Life of Addie LaRue, is BuzzFeed Book Club’s December pick. Read an excerpt from The Invisible Life of Addie LaRue.

Meg Vázquez, Square Fish

“My childhood best friend gave me Troubling a Star by Madeleine L'Engle for Hanukkah when I was 11 years old, and it's still my favorite book of all time. I love the way it defies genre (it's a political thriller/YA romance that includes a lot of scientific research and also poetry??), and the way it values smartness, gutsiness, vulnerability, kindness, and a sense of adventure. The book follows 16-year-old Vicky Austin's life-altering trip to Antarctica; her trip changed my life, too. In a year when safe travel is almost impossible, I'm so grateful to be able to return to her story again and again.”

Kate Stayman-London's debut novel, One to Watch, is about a plus-size blogger who’s been asked to star on a Bachelorette-like reality show. Stayman-London served as lead digital writer for Hillary Rodham Clinton’s 2016 presidential campaign and has written for notable figures, from former president Obama and Malala Yousafzai to Anna Wintour and Cher.

Katharine McGee is grateful for the Redwall series by Brian Jacques. Chris Bailey Photography, Firebird

“I’m thankful for the Redwall books by Brian Jacques. I discovered the series in elementary school, and it sparked a love of big, epic stories that has never left me. (If you read my books, you know I can’t resist a broad cast of characters!) I used to read the books aloud to my younger sister, using funny voices for all the narrators. Now that I have a little boy of my own, I can’t wait to someday share Redwall with him.”

Katharine McGee is the New York Times bestselling author of American Royals and its sequel, Majesty. She is also the author of the Thousandth Floor trilogy.

Beth Gwinn, Time-Life Books

"I am thankful most for books that carry me out of the world and back again, and while I find it painful to choose among them, here's one early and one late: Zen Cho's Black Water Sister, which comes out in 2021 but I devoured just two days ago, and the long out-of-print Wizards and Witches volume of the Time-Life Enchanted World series, which is where I first read about the legend of the Scholomance."

Naomi Novik is the New York Times bestselling author of the Nebula Award–winning novel Uprooted, Spinning Silver, and the nine-volume Temeraire series. Her latest novel, A Deadly Education, is the first of the Scholomance trilogy.

Christina Lauren are grateful for the Twilight series by Stephenie Meyer. Christina Lauren, Little, Brown and Company

"We are thankful for the Twilight series for about a million reasons, not the least of which it's what brought the two of us together. Writing fanfic in a space where we could be silly and messy together taught us that we don't have to be perfect, but there's no harm in trying to get better with every attempt. It also cemented for us that the best relationships are the ones in which you can be your real, authentic self, even when you're struggling to do things you never thought you'd be brave enough to attempt. Twilight brought millions of readers back into the fold and inspired hundreds of romance authors. We really do thank Stephenie Meyer every day for the gift of Twilight and the fandom it created."

[dailynewswebsite]

Whether it’s for Trump or Biden, Americans who trust others are more likely to vote

Forecasting election outcomes is tough. Predicting who will prove to vote subsequent week in the USA isn’t.

The wealthy usually tend to vote than the poor. The higher educated usually tend to vote than the much less educated. White persons are extra prone to vote than racialized People.

As a scholar who has studied belief and the way it issues for years, I can say that generalized belief — an expectation of excellent will and benign intent of others — can also be a robust predictor of voter turnout.

Whomever they vote for, People who’re trusting usually tend to have both solid their ballots already or will on election day than People who don’t belief simply.

A voter drops her poll off throughout early voting in Athens, Ga. (AP Picture/John Bazemore)

Belief inequality can clarify disparity in voter turnout. My analysis exhibits that, regionally throughout the USA, belief is decrease within the South, and Southerners are much less prone to vote. I additionally present that those that really feel they’ve much less energy in society are much less capable of belief. This could, at the least partly, clarify why the poor and racialized People are much less prone to vote.

The promise of democracy partly rests on residents with the ability to belief equally.

Publish-election knowledge

My examine of elections depends largely on turnout knowledge from post-election surveys. Two main ongoing surveys that doc voter turnout within the U.S. are the American Nationwide Election Research (ANES) and the U.S. Basic Social Survey (GSS).

Since 1948, the ANES has requested respondents after every presidential election whether or not they voted. The mission of the ANES knowledge is to supply high-quality knowledge to assist researchers perceive “why does America vote because it does on election day.”

The GSS has interviewed Americans — yearly from 1972 to 1993 and biannually since 1994 — to ask equally whether or not they voted in presidential elections. See the turnout info from the 2016 presidential beneath:

Voter turnout knowledge from the 2016 election, in keeping with ANES and GSS. (Creator), Creator offered

Knowledge from the U.S. Census Bureau exhibits that 61.four per cent of the voting-age inhabitants reported voting within the 2016 presidential election. Compared to this quantity, the graph above exhibits the ANES considerably overestimated voter turnout at 85 per cent.

That’s commonplace. Publish-election surveys typically overestimate voter turnout on account of causes that embody social desirability response bias (the tendency of survey respondents to reply questions in a way that will likely be seen favourably by others), recall errors (the hole grows as extra time passes between the election and the survey interview) and biased non-response (individuals who don’t vote are particularly unlikely to take part in surveys).

Nonetheless, these post-election surveys are helpful for learning, for instance, how race, gender and socioeconomic class may form voting behaviour, so I’ve included knowledge from each surveys in my analysis.

Trusting People usually tend to vote

Earlier analysis has additionally steered that belief performs an vital position in political participation. Voting is a typical type of political participation. Meaning we might anticipate voter turnout to be greater amongst People who belief than those that don’t belief simply.

In lots of surveys, the extensively used assertion to measure total belief is: “Usually talking, would you say that most individuals could be trusted or that you just can’t be too cautious in life?” This assertion was a part of each the the ANES and the GSS surveys.

My evaluation of the info from each surveys exhibits that People who assume “most individuals could be trusted” are more likely to vote than those that assume “can’t be too cautious in life.” The sample can also be extremely constant after I separate the evaluation on a yearly foundation. Greater belief is related to a better turnout in each U.S. presidential election since 1948.

The voting hole in U.S. presidential elections between ‘trusters’ and ‘mistrusters’ primarily based on ANES and GSS knowledge. (Creator), Creator offered

Taking into consideration race, gender, age, stage of schooling and family revenue, in addition to the 12 months of the election, People who belief are about 70 per cent extra prone to vote than those that don’t belief, no matter which survey we use (72 per cent from ANES; 70 per cent from GSS).

Belief impacts Republicans greater than Democrats

However does belief have an effect on Republican voters and Democrat voters in another way?

To reply this query, I examine turnout gaps between “trusters” and “mistrusters” amongst Republican voters and Democrat voters.

The graph beneath exhibits that total the voting hole between trusters and mistrusters is larger amongst those that vote Republican than those that vote Democrat. Particularly, primarily based on the cumulative knowledge from the ANES (1948-2016), the left facet of the graph exhibits that whereas the voting hole between trusters and mistrusters is just about one share level (38 per cent versus 37 per cent) for Democratic voters, the hole is 13 share factors for Republican voters (40 per cent versus 27 per cent).

The impression of belief on those that vote Republican versus those that vote Democrat. Creator, Creator offered

The suitable facet of the graph focuses on the 2016 election solely utilizing knowledge from the 2018 GSS. It exhibits that whereas the voting hole between trusters and mistrusters was seven share factors amongst Clinton voters, the hole was 12 share factors amongst Trump voters.

These findings recommend belief has a larger impression on Republican voters than those that vote Democrat.

Why are minorities much less prone to vote?

Racialized People are sometimes discovered to have a low voter turnout. The Pew Analysis Heart has reported that the turnout fee within the 2016 presidential election was 65.three per cent amongst white registered voters, 59.6 per cent amongst Blacks, 49.three per cent amongst Asians and 47.6 per cent amongst Hispanics.

Frequent explanations for why minorities are much less prone to vote embody voter suppression and systematic discrimination. Nevertheless, in his current ebook The Turnout Hole, political scientist Bernard Fraga has argued as a substitute it’s the sense of political inequality that largely explains the majority-minority hole in turnout.

A lady takes half in a voting parade on Oct. 24 in Orlando, Fla. The occasion was organized by Florida Rights Restoration Coalition in partnership with different native teams together with #walkthevote, a nationwide motion to encourage voter participation. (Octavio Jones/AP Photos for #walkthevote)

Turnout gaps

Belief is related to management, political efficacy and sense of political empowerment. Can minorities’ decrease belief clarify their decrease turnout?

To point out how belief may help clarify the turnout hole throughout racial teams, I estimate the common chance of voting for white folks, Black folks and different racialized People utilizing knowledge from each surveys. The bottom mannequin consists of race and 12 months variables, whereas the second mannequin provides a belief variable to the bottom mannequin. Right here’s a visualization:

Belief and gaps in voter turnout of white folks, Black folks and different racialized People. (Creator), Creator offered

Graph A exhibits that the common turnout fee amongst white voters over an 18-year span is 78 per cent, 69 per cent amongst Black voters and 63 per cent amongst different racialized People.

When considering the belief variations amongst these teams, these numbers develop into 76 per cent, 74 per cent and 64 per cent respectively (Graph B). In different phrases, the relative gaps in turnout have develop into considerably smaller. For instance, the hole between white voters and Black voters in Graph A is 9 share factors, however after controlling for belief, it’s solely a comparatively insignificant two share factors. These findings are primarily based on the ANES knowledge.

Replicating the evaluation utilizing knowledge from the GSS exhibits a constant sample. See Graphs C and D.

What does this present us in broader phrases?

Democracy solely works properly when residents take part within the democratic course of and take part equally. However in the USA, lack of belief is eroding democracy’s promise.

Cary Wu doesn’t work for, seek the advice of, personal shares in or obtain funding from any firm or organisation that may profit from this text, and has disclosed no related affiliations past their educational appointment.

from Growth News https://growthnews.in/whether-its-for-trump-or-biden-americans-who-trust-others-are-more-likely-to-vote/ via https://growthnews.in

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Many Guardians and educators don't understand the powerful impact of project-based learning (PBL) will have on the education of middle and high school students. A part of the explanation for this is often merely that they'll not have been exposed to the concept; they can't endorse something if they don't understand it exists or however it's different from the education which child receives on each day.

As the Ecole Globale International Girls Boarding School explains, with PBL students "investigate and respond to an authentic, engaging, and complicated problem, or challenge" with deep and sustained attention.

Project-based learning is an untraditional education model that seeks to better prepare students for determination real-world issues and problems, whereas teaching them what they have to understand to achieve in school right now. Project-based learning structures syllabus around different exciting projects, presenting students with multi-step issues to resolve or asking them complicated queries they're then needed to answer. Such projects typically force students to use multiple learning techniques to succeed, together with analysis, logical deduction, and repetitive learning (trial and error). Since these projects are typically large and complicated for one student to try and do alone, project-based learning conjointly tends to encourage cooperation and teamwork.

"But my child's school already assigns his projects," you raise. "How is that this different?" Well, project-based learning is different in an exceedingly few ways that. Initial, project-based learning is structured entirely around projects, whereas a lot of typical approaches merely uses to strengthen the topics lined in lecture. Second, project-based learning focuses on simulating real-world things, whereas several typical projects are still strictly educational. Whereas traditional education would have physics students learn the formula for motion in lecture and apply it in word problems or on a model, project-primarily based learning would supply students with a roller bearing, a launch mechanism, and a target in an exceedingly specific location and tell the scholars to work out a way to hit the target systematically regardless of wherever their launch mechanism is found within the area. The students would get to analysis the formula for motion and its applications, live the physical properties of the roller bearing, so devise a system to see the right setting for the launch mechanism supported its distance from the target.

Connecting educational situations to the real world is one of the essential advantages of project-based learning. Students learn with a similar approach they'll eventually use in their hobbies, passions, and careers. This ingrains essential problem-solving techniques at intervals them ahead of time, drastically increasing their probabilities of success in no matter career they select once their education has completed. A part of this is often that project-based learning needs the utilization of multiple problem-solving ways, that helps students not solely cultivate a balanced approach however conjointly learn to modify approaches when their initial try fails to work.

Another good thing about project-based learning is its effect on students' social skills. As a result of projects are typically giant and complicated, students are grouped to work, that fosters communication skills and encourages even students with various and presumably conflicting personalities to search out a standard ground, or at the very least the simplest way to figure along without constant tension. A part of this teamwork-building helps introduce students to the specialization and delegation that are extraordinarily outstanding within the globe. Some students can naturally be more proficient at some problem-solving ways than others; therefore students can decipher a way to assign resources (themselves) optimally by having part of the group work on one subset of tasks whereas another part works on another subgroup.

Overall, project-based learning encourages students to develop a balanced, various approach to determination real-world issues, each on their own and in an exceeding team. Project-based learning prepares students for fulfilment within the globe as no alternative teaching style will.

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[socialcoldstreams]

Los Angeles Times says"Forget free speech"

True:

Facebook is not required to provide the online equivalent of an endless Open Mic Night to Alex Jones, Louis Farrakhan or anyone else.

Source: Forget free speech. Facebook should ban Alex Jones or anyone else who violates its rules ��� Los Angeles Times

The idea is that a private business should have sole control of their content.

Newspapers have long championed free speech, even advocating that journalists have more rights to free speech protections than the general public.

Thus it is odd for newspapers to advocate for suppression of speech.

The challenge is always – who gets to decide what speech to suppress?

Do only powerful entities like corporate newspapers and social media corporations get to decide?

I was taught in high school and college that the proper response to speech we do not like is more speech – not shutting off those we oppose. Guess I am old fashioned but I believe that is still the proper response.

Do censorship and net neutrality go together?

Social media companies are private businesses and therefore, may control the content on their platform.

Social media companies promote net neutrality – arguing their content must be compulsorily carried by third party private business that deliver Internet data services.

Social media companies want it both ways – to be a private company that is free to censor while simultaneously forcing other businesses to carry their own speech. Under net neutrality, Comcast or AT&T must carry all of Facebook’s traffic without restriction.

That would be net neutrality for us, but not for you!

Is social media like a telephone company and not liable for content?

Social media companies say they are like a telephone company and not liable for user speech on their platform. This gives them a “safe harbor” against being liable for content posted by users. However, once they begin to edit that content, they act like a publisher, potentially liable for their content. Except that Federal law lets social media delete any content they choose.

Social media companies want it both ways: they want to be not liable for user content but simultaneously want to edit/censor content like a traditional publisher.

Offensive speech should be countered with more speech, not censorship

I am generally not familiar with those who were banned by Facebook other than what I have seen in news stories. I have seen a little of the conspiracy theorist Alex Jones output and I don’t like it. I am not supportive of the thoughts expressed by those with these bizarre views – but I support the view that their offensive speech should be countered with more speech, not censorship.

(Update: These individuals have extreme views that few support and are certainly poor examples to use in defending free speech. After I wrote this post, I did, however, find other examples of dissent on less inflammatory topics that were silenced by those in power.)

I am not defending their speech – but am questioning the appropriateness of corporations silencing them. Corporate publishers and broadcasters already censor speech frequently as the examples, below, illustrate. There is a slippery slope and we are quite a ways down that slope as made clear by these real world examples.

Zuckerberg accused by Facebook co-founder of censoring speech

“The most problematic aspect of Facebook’s power is Mark’s unilateral control over speech,” Hughes wrote. “There is no precedent for his ability to monitor, organize and even censor the conversations of two billion people.

Propaganda Impacts of Censorship by Corporations

In Spokane, Washington, the local newspaper publisher is a family dynasty dating to the 19th century. They publish the paper, own a TV station and used to own an AM radio station, and are the largest land owner in downtown Spokane, plus they own another 100,000 or so acres in the county and an adjoining county and prime real estate in Spokane Valley.  They also own the mountain top antenna site used by other TV and radio stations (which may enable them to influence other broadcasters). The publisher has used their media properties to control the public dialogue (look up the River Park Square parking garage fiasco – more here.)

When the Northtown Mall was opened, the local paper refused to run ads for stores there because it would conflict with the paper’s ownership of downtown real estate and would impact retailers in downtown (supposedly the downtown lease agreements included a percent of revenue to the landlord/publisher). When public measures went up for a vote – measures that involved spending taxpayer’s money to enhance the downtown area or areas located near the publisher’s properties, you can guess how the paper spun the news. The full story of corruption is lengthy.

They could this because at one time, a single family controlled over 80% of the ad dollars in the Spokane market!

Regarding the RPS fiasco – “Spokesman-Review editorial writers continued to treat all dissenters as crackpots.” The editor called the Mayor a “civic terrorist” for his opposition to the garage.

Not surprisingly, in the lead up to and aftermath of the RPS fiasco: “According to an independent analysis commissioned by the Spokesman in 2007, it had allowed River Park Square developer Betsy Cowles to influence the editing of its stories, some of which hyped up the deal and downplayed its dangers.” [Betsy Cowles is part of the Cowles family that owns the media empire and real estate businesses.]

In other words: propaganda messaging, in part, by “lying by omission”: Everything the publisher says is true, but by omitting critical information, the overall conclusion is not true.

This is also known as “What You See Is All There Is”.  Given factual – but censored – arguments, the reader or viewer is steered to the desired conclusion, unaware that other facts may present a different view. I have an example of WYSIATI in action here.

This example illustrates how a private business with large market share strongly influenced public policy through its power of censorship. None of this involved hate speech are advocating violence.

Shadow Banning

A shadow ban is one the person who is censored is led to believe their content is public. For example, you post a Twitter tweet and you can see it yourself (when logged in). But no one else can see it. Facebook does this, as do moderated newspaper comments

A factual comment I wrote, quoting directly from a U.S. government agency web site in regards to a public policy, was shadow banned by our local newspaper. I could see the comment when I was logged in, but when logged out, my comment was not there. Logged back in, and there it was. My comment had been shadow banned by The Oregonian newspaper.

My comment was not controversial, cited actual data, provided a citation to the U.S. government agency source, and an explanation of the methodology used. I asked The Oregonian for an explanation and they did not provide any.

I could only guess that The Oregonian was censoring facts that were inconsistent with their reporting. Not cool.

Yes, they are a private business and have a right to censor anything they want – but can I trust the Oregonian to deliver accurate news when I know they censor factual, reliably sourced information that contradicts their report? Answer: No, I cannot.

Compare the Oregonian’s actions to those described for Spokane, above. In both examples, corporate publishers controlled the public dialogue on public policy through enforcement of WYSIATI.

The Facebook group page originally associated with this blog, was shadow banned by Facebook for six months before I discovered this had occurred. I believe it was due to a technical error on FB’s part, not because the content here questions the role that social media propaganda plays in our society. But – FB had the mechanisms in place to erroneously and secretly shadow ban users.

TripAdvisor

TripAdvisor is a user content web site that purports to offer travel information and user written reviews of travel destinations and service. For years, TripAdvisor deleted negative reviews – and did not disclose this to users of the web site. This included deletion of information about serious crime activities – resulting in travel to destinations that were not safe.

Having been de facto censored for unknown reasons by our local newspaper, for innocuous speech based on factual data, that cited references and clearly explained the methodology – I find corporate censorship of speech troubling.

Particularly when they promote free speech for themselves but not for others.

What happens when most public discourse takes place on corporate platforms and corporations choose what will be published and what will be silenced? (Answer: See Spokane!)

More posts on shadow banning here.

Los Angeles Times says”Forget free speech” was originally published on SocialPanic